In May 1917 in Fatima, a small town in Portugal, three shepherd children, Lucia dos Santos, 9 years old and her cousins Francisco Marto, (eight years old) and Jacinta Marto (six years old) claimed to have seen an apparition of luminous lady who stood on a cloud in an evergreen tree in a pasture called the Cova de Iria, near the village of Aljustrel about a mile from Fatima.

Although all three children saw the vision, only Lucia and Jacinta heard the woman speak. She asked the children to return to the site on the thirteenth of each month until October.

The local authorities and some Church leaders made every effort to bring the children's story into disrepute. Despite this, on the 13th of October thousands of people came to Cova de Iria, hoping to share the vision.

They experience a dramatic solar phenomenon however, the woman was visible only to the children. She appeared on the 13th day of six consecutive months in 1917, starting on 13 May, the Fatima holiday.

She called herself "Our Lady of the Rosary" and requested that the children pray the rosary everyday erect a chapel at the site of the visions and proclaim the need for a moral life